MET-232 Optical Mounting Design

This course explores principles of optical elements such as lens, prisms and mirrors, the manufacturing processes involved in producing the optical elements and the design criteria and constraints in mounting and testing single optical elements and optical systems.

Credits

3

Prerequisite

MET-106

Corequisite

PHY-119

Department

• Science & Technology

For more detailed course information view the Course Outline

MET 232: Optical Mounting Design

Department

Science and Technology

Course Description

This course explores principles of optical elements such as lens, prisms and mirrors, the manufacturing processes involved in producing the optical elements and the design criteria and constraints in mounting and testing single optical elements and optical systems.

Credit Hours

3

Contact Hours

Lecture	1
Lab	4
Other	0

Grading Scheme

Letter

Prerequisites

MET-106

Corequisites

PHY-119

Course Learning Outcomes

1. Explain the processes used to manufacture and test optical elements
2. Demonstrate the proper practices use to mount and support optical elements
3. Demonstrate optical ray analysis.

Topic Outline

1. 1. Optical principles
2.     a. Nature of light
3. 2. Environments and their impacts
4.     a. Temperature
5.     b. Pressure
6.     c. Vibration
7.     d. Shock
8.     e. Moisture
9.     f. Radiation
10.     g. Contaminants
11.     h. Materials
12.         i. Refractive elements
13.         ii. Reflective elements
14.         iii. Mechanical components
15.         iv. Adhesives
16. 3. Basic optical principles
17.     a. Refraction
18.     b. Reflection
19.     c. Scattering
20.     d. Interference
21.     e. Diffraction
22.     f. Dispersion
23. 4. Materials
24.     a. Optical elements
25.         i. Optical crown glass
26.         ii. Borosilicate crown glass
27.         iii. Barium crown glass
28.         iv. Flint glass
29.         v. Zerodur
30.         vi. Aluminum
31.         vii. Beryllium
32.     b. Structural materials
33.         i. Aluminum
34.         ii. Invar
35.         iii. Beryllium
36.         iv. Composites
37.         v. Other materials
38. 5. Manufacturing optical elements
39.     a. Tolerances on optical elements and mechanical components
40.     b. Tradeoff between tight tolerances and cost
41.     c. Dimensional instability
42.     d. Manufacturing operations on optical and mechanical components
43. 6. The optic-to-mount interface
44.     a. Mechanical constraints
45.     b. General considerations
46.     c. Centering a lens element
47.     d. Lens interfaces
48.     e. Prism interfaces
49.     f. Mirror interfaces
50.     g. Interfaces with other optical components
51.     h. Consequences of mounting forces
52.     i. Sealing considerations
53. 7. Mounting individual lenses
54.     a. Preload requirements
55.     b. Weight and center of gravity calculations
56.     c. Spring mountings for lenses and filters
57.     d. Burnished cell mountings
58.     e. Snap and "interference fit" rings
59.     f. Retaining ring constraints
60.     g. Constraining the lens with multiple spring clips
61.     h. Geometry of the lens-to-mount interface
62.     i. Elastomeric mountings
63.     j. Flexure mountings for lenses
64.     k. Mounting plastic lenses
65. 8. Multiple-component lens assemblies
66.     a. Spacer design and manufacture
67.     b. Drop-in assembly
68.     c. Lathe assembly
69.     d. Elastomeric mountings
70.     e. Poker-chip assembly
71.     f. Assemblies designed for high-shock environments
72.     g. Photographic objective lenses
73.     h. Modular construction and assembly
74.     i. Catoptric and catadioptric assemblies
75.     j. Assemblies with plastic housings and lenses
76.     k. Internal mechanisms
77.     l. Sealing and purging lens assemblies
78. 9. Mounting optical windows, filters, shells, and domes
79.     a. Simple window mountings
80.     b. "Special" windows
81.     c. Conformal windows
82.     d. Windows subject to a pressure differential
83.     e. Filter mountings
84.     f. Mounting shells and domes
85. 10. Prism design
86.     a. Principal functions
87.     b. Geometric considerations
88.     c. Aberration contributions of prisms
89.     d. Typical prism configurations
90. 11. Techniques for mounting prisms
91.     a. Kinematic mountings
92.     b. Semikinematic mountings
93.     c. The use of pads on cantilevered and straddling springs
94.     d. Mechanically clamped nonkinematic mountings
95.     e. Bonded prism mountings
96.     f. Flexure mountings for prisms
97. 12. Mirror design
98.     a. General considerations
99.     b. Image orientation
100.     c. First- and second-surface mirrors
101.     d. Ghost image formation with second-surface mirrors
102.     e. Approximation of mirror aperture
103.     f. Weight reduction techniques
104.     g. Thin facesheet configuration
105.     h. Metallic mirrors
106.     i. Metallic foam core mirrors
107.     j. Pellicles
108. 13. Techniques for mounting smaller nonmetallic mirrors
109.     a. Mechanically clamped mirror mountings
110.     b. Bonded mirror mountings
111.     c. Compound mirror mountings
112.     d. Flexure mountings for smaller mirrors
113.     e. Central and zonal mountings
114.     f. Gravitational effects on smaller mirrors
115. 14. Techniques for mounting metallic mirrors
116.     a. Single-point diamond turning of metallic mirrors
117.     b. Integral mounting provisions
118.     c. Flexure mountings for metallic mirrors
119.     d. Plating of metallic mirrors
120.     e. Interfacing metallic mirrors for assembly and alignment
121. 15. Techniques for mounting larger nonmetallic mirrors
122.     a. Mounts for axis-horizontal applications
123.     b. Mounts for axis-vertical applications
124.     c. Mounts for axis-variable applications
125.     d. Supports for large, space-borne mirrors
126.         i. The Hubble Space Telescope
127.         ii. The Chandra X-ray Telescope
128. 16. Aligning refracting, reflecting, and catadioptric systems
129.     a. Aligning the individual lens
130.     b. Aligning multiple lens assemblies
131.     c. Aligning reflecting systems
132. 17. Estimation of mounting stresses
133.     a. General considerations
134.     b. Rule-of-thumb stress tolerances
135.     c. Stress generation at point, line, and area contacts
136.     d. Bending effects in asymmetrically clamped optics
137. 18. Effects of temperature changes
138.     a. Effects of temperature change on axial preload
139.     b. Radial effects in rim contact mountings
140.     c. Effects of temperature gradients
141.     d. Temperature-change-induced stresses in bonded optics